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儿童营养不良的表现

1.蛋白质缺乏：容易疲劳，常伴有贫血，小儿体重减轻，生长发育迟缓，以及对传染病的抵抗力下降等。

2.脂肪缺乏：小儿容易患脂溶性维生素缺乏症，包括维生素A、维生素D的缺乏等。

3.糖类缺乏：小儿容易发生低血糖，临床常表现为疲劳、生长发育迟缓。

4.钙不足：小儿容易发生骨质疏松、骨骼牙齿发育异常，有些患儿可发生低钙抽搐等。

5.磷不足：小儿常有食欲不振，临床易发生软骨病，表现为骨骼和牙齿发育不正常，严重的可发生病理性骨折。

6.钾不足：小儿常出现肌肉无力，严重的可发生心律失常。

7.食物纤维不足：临床常表现为便秘等。

如何预防儿童营养不良

01

要加强营养指导，鼓励母乳喂养，母乳是小儿最完善的食品，提倡母乳喂养，注意喂养方法，按年龄及时添加辅食，掌握先稀后干，先素后荤，先少后多的原则。1岁左右断乳，给予易于消化而具有营养的食品。母乳不足或无母乳者，应补以含优质蛋白的代乳品（牛、羊奶、豆浆、鱼肉等），防止单纯以淀粉类食品，炼乳或麦乳精喂养。较大儿童应注意食物成份的正确搭配，适当供应肉、蛋、豆制品，补充足够的蔬菜。

2

要重视体格锻炼纠正不良卫生及饮食习惯，饮食定时，保证充足睡眠。幼儿要注意户外锻炼，呼吸新鲜空气，多晒太阳，增强体质。

3

要积极防治疾病预防传染病，消除病灶，矫治先天畸形等。

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